World wide Myagdeli network

a =la=sf] ;dfrf/ a'n]l6g

P;Pn;L ;'?

k|j]lzsf k/LIff -P;Pn;L_ ;'? ePsf] 5 . P;Pn;Ldf o; jif{ tLg nfv &( xhf/ tLg ;o && k/LIffyL{n] k/LIff lbFb} 5g\ . To;sf nflu b]ze/ ! xhf/ @ ;o (( k/LIff s]Gb|df ! s]Gb|fWoIf, ! xhf/ cf7 ;o ;xfos s]Gb|fWoIf, !% xhf/ ! ;o ^) hgf lg/LIfs / #^ xhf/ % ;o lzIfs sd{rf/L k/LIffdf vl6Psf 5g\ eg] ;+ljwfg;ef lgjf{rgsf] k"j{;GWofdf ;~rfng x'g] o; k/LIff Jojl:yt ?k lbg sl/a @) xhf/ ;'/IffsdL{ ;d]t v6fOPsf] 5 . ut jif{x�sf] ;doeGbf Ps 3G6f kl5 ;fl/Psf] o; k/LIffsf] cfh klxnf] lbg clgjfo{ c+u|]hL / j]b ljBf>dtkm{ clgjfo{ ;+:s[t Jofs/0f / cg'jfb ljifosf] k/LIff ePsf] 5 . cfh k/LIffsf] klxnf] lbg ePsf] k/LIff s]Gb|x�df k/LIffyL{x� ;ft ah] g} k'u]sf lyP . ;'? ePsf] k/LIff !$ ut] laxLaf/;Dd ;~rfng x'Fb}5 .

;jf]{Rr�f/f ;/sf/nfO{ r'gf}tL

;jf]{Rr cbfntn] cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] k|fjwfgnfO{ ;d]t r'gf}tL lbFb} :jtGq Gofokflnsfsf] d"No dfGotfsf] k|Zg p7fpFb} cfkm\gf] jflif{s k|ltj]bgsf k|wfgdGqL tyf dlGqkl/ifb\ sfof{nodf a'emfPsf] 5 . k|wfgdGqLnfO{ l;w} a'emfpg' :jtGq Gofokflnsfsf] dfGotf ljkl/t x'g] eGb} ;jf]{Rrn] k|wfgdGqL sfof{nonfO{ jflif{s k|ltj]bgsf] af/]df hfgsf/L dfq} u/fPsf] 5 . cGtl/d ;+ljwfgsf] wf/f !!& df k|ltj]bg ;jf]{Rrn] k|wfgdGqL ;dIf k]z ug]{ / k|wfgdGqLn] To; nfO{ Joj:yflksf ;+;b\;dIf k]z ug]{ Joj:yfnfO{ r'gf}tL lbFb} ;jf]{Rrn] km]l/ Psk6s ;/sf/nfO{ cF6]/L u/]sf] 5 . k|ltj]bgdf ;jf]{Rr :jod\n] Gofokflnsf :jtGq, ;Ifd / k|efjsf/L x'g g;Sg] :jLsf/]sf] 5 . ^( k[i7df cbfntsf HjnGt ;d:of zLif{sdf klxnf] gDa/df g} zlQm k[ysLs/0fsf] l;4fGt / ljZjJofkL dfGotfcg'?k GofokflnsfnfO{ :jtGq, ;Ifd / k|efjsf/L agfpg g;Sg' pNn]v 5 . ;f] k|ltj]bg k|wfgdGqL sfof{no ;jf]{Rrsf /lhi6�f/ 8f= /fds[i0f ltldN;]gfn] x:tfIf/ u/L k|wfgdGqL sfof{nodf btf{ u/fPsf 5g\ . o;cl3 klg ;jf]{Rrn] jflif{s k|ltj]bg a'emfpg] ljifodf o:t} lvrnf] ub}{ cfPsf lyP .

k|r08�f/f sfo{stf{nfO{ lx+;f TofUg cfu|x

dfcf]jfbL o'4sfnsf] /fhwfgL dflgPsf] /f]Nkf cyf{t\ k|r08 :jod\ lgjf{rg n8]sf] lhNnfdf klxnf] r'gfjL;efnfO{ ;Daf]wg ub}{ dfcf]jfbL cWoIf k|r08n] cfkm\gf] sfo{stf{nfO{ lx+;f TofUg cfu|x u/sf 5g\ .sfo{stf{nfO{ 5f8f 5f8]/ lgoGq0f u'dfO;s]sf] cj:yfdf cWoIf k|r08n] lx+;f TofUg cfu|x ub}{ cGt/f{li6�o ;d"bfon] /f]NkfnfO{ dxTj lbFb} cfPsfn] sfo{stf{nfO{ ;hu /xg cfu|x ug'{ePsf] xf] . b]zJofkL �kdf lgjf{rgsf] jftfj/0f lauf/]/ /f]Sg] if8\oGq eO/x]sf] atfpFb} k|r08n] cfkm\gf] kf6L{sf] kIfdf r'gfjL nx/ a9]sfn] c?sf] lgjf{rg sfo{qmddf cj/f]w gug{ sfo{stf{nfO{ lgb]{zg lbg'eof] .a]nfa]nfdf s]xL g]tf dfg]{ rfnafhL ePsf] eljiojfl0f ub}{ cfPsf k|r08n] klg pxfFn] cfkm" /f]Nkf cfPkl5 cd]l/sfsf] lgb]{zgdf sf7df8f}+df r'gfj layf]Ng] v]n:j?k a}7s ePsf] bfaL u/]sf 5g\ . /f]Nkf If]q g+= @ af6 pDd]bjf/ aGg'ePsf k|r08n] cfkm"n] efif0fsf] qmddf /fhwfgLnufot ;x/L If]qeGbf kxf8L /f]NkfnfO{ ljsf; lgdf{0fdf a9L dxTj lbg] bfaL u/]sf 5g\ . ;w}+h;f] ;Daf]wg ug]{ qmddf sAhf ug]{ / cf/f]k k|Tof/f]kdf pqg] k|r08n]] eg] ;a} pDd]bjf/nfO{ ;+ljwfg agfpg] lgjf{rg ePsfn] ;Fu} ldn]/ hfg cfu|x ug'{eof] .

k|]dkLl8tx� ;+ul7t

olta]nf ljleGg kLl8t ;+3 vf]Ng] qmd al9/x]sf] 5 . o;}aLr k|]ddf wf]sf vfg]x� klg ;+ul7t eP/ ;+3 vf]n]sf 5g\ . h;sf] gfd xf] k|]dkLl8t ;+3 . s}nfnL lhNnfsf] ;'v8sf :yfgLo o'jfx�sf] kxndf k|]ddf wf]sf vfO{ lg/fzfsf] hLjg latfO/x]sfx�nfO{ klxn]s} cj:yfdf Nofpg / pgLx�sf] kL8f kf]Vg of] ;+3 :yfkgf ul/Psf] xf] . o; k|]dkLl8t ;+3n] em'6f] k|]ddf gkm:g o'jfo'jtLx� nfO{ ;Nnfx lbg], kLl8t eO;s]sfnfO{ dfof ddtfaf6 jl~rt gu/fpg]nufot sfo{x� ug]{ :yfgLo Ps o'jsn] atfPsf 5g\ . o:tf] sfo{n] k|]ddf c;kmnkl5 ljlIfKt eO{ cfTdxTof ug]{nufotsf sfo{x�df sdL cfpg] pgLx�sf] bfaL /x]sf] 5 .

j}b]lzs /f]huf/Ldf dlxnf Go"g

k'?ifsf] t'ngfdf j}b]lzs /f]huf/sf nflu hfg] dlxnfsf] ;+Vof Hofb} Go"g /x]sf] 5 . b}lgs % ;o hlt k'?ifx� j}b]lzs /f]huf/sf] nflu ljb]z hfg] u/]sf] t/ dlxnfx� eg] Ps b'O{ hgfdfq hfg] u/]sf] kfOG5 . g]kfn ;/sf/n] clxn];Dd ! ;o & j6f /fi6�df /f]huf/sf] nflu hfg kfpg] dfGotf lbPsf] 5 . cGo b]zdf eGbf Oh/fondf /f]]huf/sf] nflu hfg] dlxnfsf] ;+Vof ;a}eGbf a9L /x]sf] 5 . ljz]ifu/L 3/fo;L sfd To;dfly klg afnaRrf / a[4a[4fx�sf] x]/rfx ug]{ sfdsf] nflu g]kfnL dlxnfx� Oh/fon hfg] u/]sf 5g\ . ut jif{ @)^# ;fnsf] dfu;Dd $ ;o ^) hgf dlxnfx� j}b]lzs /f]huf/sf nflu ljleGg b]zdf Dofgkfj/dfkm{t\ ljb]z uPsf] tYof+sdf pNn]v 5 . rfn" jif{ @)^$ sf] dfu;Dd eg] @ ;o $$ hgf dlxnf j}b]lzs /f]huf/sf] nflu ljb]z uO;s]sf 5g\ . s'g hfltsf / s'g If]qsf dlxnfx� j}b]lzs /f]huf/sf nflu ljb]z uPsf 5g\ eGg] k|Zg ubf{ ;f] af/] oyfy{ hfgsf/L gePsf] s'/f >d ljefusf sd{rf/L ab|L/fd yfkfn] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] .

r}t @) b]lv j}zfv # ;Dd ljBfno aGb

lgjf{rgsf] jftfj/0f agfpg lzIfs ljBfyL{nfO{ lgjf{rgdf ;xefuL agfpg SofDk; / ljBfno aGb ug'{kg]{ dfu ljBfyL{ ;+u7gx�n] ul//x]sf a]nf lzIff dGqfnon] ljBfno aGbsf] lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . dGqfnosf cg';f/ ljBfnodf /flvPsf dtbfg s]Gb|sf nflu :yfg pknAw u/fpg / dtbfgdf vl6g] lzIfsnfO{ ljBfnosf] lgoldt lzIf0f sfo{af6 d'Qm x'g ;lsg] cj:yf l;h{gf ug{ r}t @) b]lv cfufdL j}zfv # ut];Dd ljBfno aGb ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf] 5 . ;f] ljbf ;'? x'g'cl3 ljBfnoaf6 lnOg] k/LIff ;DkGg ul/;Sg / ;f] !$ lbgsf] ljbfnfO{ lxpFb] ljbfdf ;+of]hg ug{ cg'/f]w u/]sf] 5 .

sf+u|]; 3f]if0ffkq ;fj{hlgs/fi6�klt ;]/]df]lgon,

;Qf ;fem]bf/ k|d'v kf6L{ g]kfnL sf+u|];n] cfkm\gf] 3f]if0ffkq df /fi6�klt ;]/]df]lgon /fi6� k|d'v / ;+;b\af6 aGg] k|wfgdGqL sfo{sf/L k|d'v x'g] ;+3Lo u0ftGqsf] k|:tfj cl3 ;f/]sf] 5 . k|wfgdGqL Pj+ kf6L{ ;efklt lul/hfk|;fb sf]O/fnfn] 3f]if0ff kq ;fj{hlgs ug'{x'Fb} ;+ljwfg;efsf] klxnf] a}7sdf /fhtGq x6fpg] k|:tfj /fVg] ePsfn] u0ftGqsf] ljifodf l�ljwf gug{ cfu|x ug'{eof] . sf+u|];sf] 3f]if0ffkqdf ax'bnjfbdf cfwfl/t ax'bnLo ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq :yfkgf k|:tfj u/]sf]5 . ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgkl5 ;+ljwfg;efdf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ bnx�sf] ;xdltdf ;/sf/ u7g ug]{ k|:tfj ub}{ g]kfnL sf+u|];n] To;kl5 csf]{ lgjf{rg;Dd ;xdltsf cfwf/df ;/sf/ u7g x'g'kg]{ wf/0ff /fv]sf] 5 . sf+u|];sf] 3f]if0ffkqdf g]kfnsf] jt{dfg PsfTds / s]Gb|Ls[t /fHo ;+/rgfsf] cGTo u/L :jfoQ k|b]zx� ePsf] ;+3Lo /fHo agfpg] cjwf/0ff NofPsf] 5 .3f]if0ffkqdf pNn]v ePadf]lhd s]Gb|, k|b]z / :yfgLo ;/sf/ u/L tLg txdf /fHosf sfd, st{Jo / clwsf/sf] afF8kmfF8 ug]{ pNn]v 5 . ;+3Lotfsf] cfwf/df To:tf] 9fFrfsf] zf;gk|0ffnL cfjZos /x]sf] hgfPsf] 5 . ;a}h;f] bnx�n] cfkm\gf] 3f]if0ffkq ;fj{hlgs ul/;s]kl5 ;a}eGbf kl5 ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] g]kfnL sf+u|];sf] 3f]if0ffkq c;f]hdf dxf;ldlt a}7sn] tof/ kf/]sf] 3f]if0ffkqdf yk36 dfq} ul/Psf] atfOPsf] 5 . 3f]if0ffkqdf vf; u/L tLg 7"nf bndWo] sf+u|]; / Pdfn]sf] 3f]if0ffkqsf] s]xL :j?kdf leGgtf /x]sf] 5}g . /fHo;+/rgf, /fi6�k|d'v / k|wfgdGqLsf] ljifodf dfcf]jfbLsf] 3f]if0ffkqdf km/s eP klg Pdfn] / sf+u|];sf] Pp6} ljifo ;d]l6Psf] 5 . sf+u|]; / Pdfn]n] sfo{kfnLsf k|d'v / sfo{sf/L clwsf/ klg k|wfgdGqLdf g} /xg] k|:tfj cl3 ;f/]sf] 5 . h'g Pdfn]sf] 3f]if0ffkqdf klg p:t} 5 .

afns a]Rg vf]Hg] rf/ em\ofk

sf7df8f}+ . ;z:q k|x/L an lgjf{rg ;'/Iff j]; e/tk'/ lrtjgaf6 vl6Psf] PkLPkm 6f]nLn] afns a]Rg n}hfb}u/]sf] cj:yfdf rf/ hgfnfO{ /+u]xft kqmfp u/L :yfgLo k|x/LnfO{ a'emfPsf] 5 . kqmfp kg]{x?df lrtjg lk7'jf ( sf s]bf/ nfld5fg], e/tk'/ !! sf ;ljg a/fnL, e/tk'/ ( sL kfj{tL u'?� / wflb� 3/ atfpg] nf]saxfb'/ nfld5fg] /x]sf 5g\ . PkLPkm 6f]nLn] :yfgLo jfl;Gbfsf] ;xof]udf e/tk'/ ( l:yt a;kfs{af6 pgLx?nfO{ a]Rg lxF8fOPsf kfFr afns ;lxt ;dfltPsf] xf] . p2f/ ul/Psf afnsnfO{ cleefjs;dIf a'emfpg] / cleo'Qmx?nfO{ sfg'gL sf/jfxL ug{ ;z:q k|x/L 6f]nLn] :yfgLo k|x/LnfO{ a'emfPsf] ;z:q k|x/L ;xfos lg/LIfs u0f]z yfkf�f/f k|]lift va/df hgfOPsf] 5 .

s]6Lsf] u'Ktf�df ln+u knfof] �

slxn]sfxLFsf 36gfn] lj1fgnfO{ ;d]t r'gf}tL lbg] ub{5g\ . j}1flgs o'udf w]/} rdTsf/ ePsf 5g\ . dlxnfnfO{ k'?if / k'?ifnfO{ dlxnf agfpg dfq afFsL lyof] . ca Tof] klg ;Dej ePsf] 5 . s}nfnLaf6 kqsf/ >j0f b]paf�f/f k|]lift va/cg';f/ rf}w jif{kl5 Ps dlxnf k'?if ePsf] va/ 5 . va/ ;'Gg]nfO{ t kTofpg ufx|f] k5{ eg] k9\g]nfO{ emg\ slt crDd nfUnf < t/ cgf}7f] gdfg] x'G5 . alnof �% sL k|ldnf rf}w/Lsf] !$ jif{kl5 u'Ktf\�df ln� pd|]sf] 5 . 5f]/L 3/df g} a;]sfn] pd]/ k'u]sL 5f]/Lsf] ljjfx ug{ l5d]sL / gft]bf/n] bafa lbg yfn]kl5 pgsf] ln� kl/jt{g ePsf] /x:o v'n]sf] xf] . dfOtLdf a;]sL 5f]/LnfO{ ljjfx ug{ eg]kl5 p;n] s]6f;Fu ljjfx gug]{ / cfkm" k'?if ePsfn] s]6L leq\ofpg] eg]kl5 d t 5Ss k/+] . k|ldnfsf a'jf cfzs/0f rf}w/Ln] eg]��5f]/L eP/ hlGdPsL dfG5] s;/L 5f]/f eof] <� 36gf ;fj{hlgs ePkl5 z'qmaf/ laxfg}b]lv k|ldnf nfO{ x]g{ cfpg]sf] le8 nfu]sf] 5 . @)#( ;fndf hlGdPsL k|ldnf rf}w/Ln] cfkm" !$ jif{sf] k'u]kl5 ln� kl/jt{g ePsf] bfjL u/]sL 5g\ . k|ldnfn] @)%# c;f]h @% ut] /ftL ! pgn] ;kgf b]v]sf] :d/0f ub{} elgg\, �;kgfdf hf]uLsf] e]ifdf cfPsf afafn] p7\ eg]/ af]nfP . sfFwdf xft /fv]/ �cfhaf6 tF 5f]/f eO+{;�\, eg] To;kl5 d Ao'lemFbf u'Ktf�df ln� pld|Psf] lyof],� pgn] atfOg . pgn] elgg\ ��;kgfdf cfPsf afafn] kfgL h:t} nfUg] s]xL kbfy{ v'jfP . afafn] k|ldnfnfO{ �;f]w] t}n] s] vfO;\ <� pgn] cfkm'n] kfgL lkPsf] eg]kl5 afafn] kfgL geO{ cd[t lkPsf] atfP . 36gf ;lDemb} k|ldnfn] elgg\��afafn] of] 36gf !$ jif{;Dd s;}nfO+{ geGg' eg]sf lyP . b'O{ jif{ afFsL x'b} xNnf eof] ca s] x'g] xf] < ;kgfaf6 laplembf o:tf] crDd s] eof] eg]/ /ft /f]P/ sf6] . pgn] yklg\ ��To;kl5 t d]/f] dlxgfjf/L klg /f]lsof] . s]6Lx�;+usf] cfsif{0f klg a9\b} hfg yfNof] . of}g rfxfgf a9\b} uPkl5 :yfgLo ;Ltf rf}w/L -gfd kl/jt{g_ ;+u ljjfxsf] k|:tfj ul/of] . z'?df t ;Ltfn] k|ldnfnfO{ dlxnf g} eg]/ :jLsf/ ul/gg\, ha xfdLx� aLr zfl/l/s ;Dks{ eof], To;kl5 b'a} hgfn] dlGb/df uO{ j}jflxs aGwgdf afFlwof} . pgsf] syg lyof]� �!$ jif{ gk'u/} of] s'/f ;fj{hlgs gxf];\ eg]/ ljjfx kZrft klg ue{ lg/f]wsf ;fwgx� k|of]u ug{ yflnof] gq cfh;Dd afnaRrf hlGdg;Sy] xf]nfg\ . pgsL >LdtL ;Ltfn] eg] Tof] s'/f :jLsf/ ulb{gg\ . pgn] k|ldnf s]6L g} ePsf] bfaL u/]sL 5g\ . s]6L ;fyL ePsf] sf/0f dfq pgsf] 3/df a;]sf] atfpg] ;Ltfn] k|ldnf dlxgfjf/L x'g] u/]sf] atfOg\ . pgn] elgg\� pm s]6f eP s;/L dlxgfjf/L x'g ;lSyg\ . afns x'Fbf s]6L b]v]sf ufpFn]x� klg pgsf] of}gf�df cfPsf] kl/jt{gn] cRrlDdt ePsf 5g\ . kl5Nnf lbgdf k|ldnfsf :tgx� klg ;'Sb} uPsf / /f}F klg emg{ yfn]sf] k|ldnfsf cfkmGtn] atfP . Ps jif{ cufl8 dfq 6Lsfk'/sL ;l/tf lu/Lsf] lgwf/af6 lzzf lgl:sPsf] 36gfn] o;/L g} crDddf kf/]sf] cj:yfdf of] 36gfsf] klg cg';Gwfg x'g'kg]{ a'l4hLjLsf] egfO{ /x]sf] 5 .

l5gl5gdf /� km]g]{ gfu

sf7df8f}+ . l5gl5gd /� km]g]{ Ps cgf}7f] gfu tgx'Fsf] Jof; gu/kflnsf�& l:yt 9f]8]gL s'jfdf e]l6Pkl5 :yfgLo jfl;Gbf cRrlDdt x'g k'u]sf 5g\ . lzj/fqLsf] cl3Nnf] lbg pQm s'jfdf e]l6Psf] b'O{ xft] nfdf] gfun] ;do�;dodf ;ft /� /ftf] lgnf], kx]Fnf], ;]tf], xl/of], sfnf] / sn]hL /+u km]/]kl5 :yfgLojfl;Gbf tyf glhs}sf :yfgLo jf;Lsf] x]g{ cfpg] le8 nfu]sf] 5 . lkknsf] km]bdf /x]sf] s'jfdf pQm gfu al;/x]kl5 :yfgLojf;Ln] gfusf] yfg agfP/ k"hf ug{ yfn]sf 5g\ eg] dlGb/ lgdf{0f ug{ bfgk]l6sf ;d]t /fv]sf 5g\ .

Sk8f leq klg b]Vg ;lsg] Sofd/f

pp6f o:tf] Sofd/f tof/ u/LPsf] 5 h'g @% ld6/sf] b'/Laf6 sk8f leq n'sfP/ /fvLPsf] laikmf]6s kbfy{ ,dfbs kbfy{ ;fy} cgo xft xltof/x? klg ;lhn} b]Vg ;lsG5 . y|'ljhg gfds of] Sofd/fnfO{ ljdfg:yn ,/]nj]:6]zg tyf cGo ;fj{hlgs 7fpFx?df k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . o;df 6L�/]h 6]Sgf]nf]hLsf] k|of]u u/LPsf] 5 . h'g vuf]nzfl:qx?n] 6'6]sf] l;tf/fsf] cWoogsf] nfuL sfddf k|of]u u5{ . of] Sofd/f agfpg] sDklgsf]g';f/ sk8f leqsf] ;fdfu|Lx? b]Vg ;Sb5 ,t/ dflg;sf] zf/Ll/s agfj6sf] gf�\�uf]kg agfpg ;Sb}g . o; Sofd/fnfO{ xftdf klg ;lhn} p7fpg ;lsG5 . of] clxn] ;Dd b'aOsf] dfs]{6fOn PS;r]Gh / n08gsf] s]g/L jfkm{nfO a]rL;s]sf] klg 5 . jt{dfg ;'/Iff pks/0fx?df PS;/]sf] k|of]u u/LG5 eg] y|'jLhg k|0ffnL 6]/fx6\h{ k|sfz -6L�/]h_ 4f/f sfd ub{5 . of] ls/0f sk8f , sfuh , df6f]lrgL ;fy} sf7nfO kf/ u/L n'sfOPsf] s'/f b]Vg ;lsG5 . t/ wft' / kfgL nfO{ kf/ u/L b]Vg ;ls+b}g . o; Sofd/f agfpg] sDklg k|jQmfsf] egfO 5 ,obL d 6L�/]hsf] db\btdf tkfOx?nfO b]vfpg rfx] eg] ljh'nLsf] aNa em} rlDsnf] b]vfO{lbg] 5' . pgn] eg] tkfO zf/Ll/s agfj6 t b]Vg ;Sg'x'g]5 ,t/ c+uk|To+u xf]Og . o;s] cnfjf PS;/]n] h'g k|sf/sf] vt/gfs k|sfz lgsfNb5 , 6L�/]h To:sf] a/fa/df s]xL ;'/lIft 5 . o; sDklgn] klxn] klg o:tf] vfnsf] Sofd/f agfPsf] lyof] . Go"gtd 6L�%))) df]8n s'g} klg ejg leq of afxL/ b'j} 7fpFdf sfd ub{Yof] . cg'xf/df ePsf] bfu x6fpg] ljwL

cg'xf/df ePsf] bfu x6fpgsf] nfuL ! rDrf abfdsf] kfp8/df & � * yf]kf ;'Gtnfsf] /; sfFrf] b'w / uffh/sf] /; ldnfP/ cg'xf/df hxfF bfu 5 ToxfF nufpg'; / !)�!% ldg]6 kl5 cg'xf/nfO{ lr;f] kflgn] ;kmf ug'{ kb{5 . ;gj0f{ cg'xf/dfyL Ps rDrf j]zgdf Ps rDrf bxL ld;fP/ nufpg' kb{5 / !% ldg]6 kl5 cg'xf/nfO ;kmf kflgn] w'g' kb{5 .

ljjfbLt �6�f+;h]8/� zf]sf] k|f/De

blIf0f ef/tdf Ps ljjfbLt 6]lnlehg zf]sf] z'? ePsf] 5 . of] zf] tldn Rofgn :6/ lehgdf OkfOl8Ss' /f]h gfd af6 z'? ePsf] xf] . ;f] zf]df dfq ;fdflhs 36gfx?sf] af/]df s'/f sfgL u/LG5 . h;dfyL ;fj{hlgs ?kdf s'/f ug{af6 dfG5]x? kxlrg vf]H5g\ . ;fy} of] zf]sf] ;+rflnsfnfO lnP/ klg w]/} s'/fsfgL eO/x]sf] x'G5 . of] zf]sf] xf]Z6 xf] /f]h h'g Pp6f 6�f+;h]8/ x'g\ . 6�f+;h]8/ eg]sf] h'g k'?if s]l6 h:tf] Aofjxf/ u5{ / km]/L h'g s]6Ln] k'?if h:tf] Jofjxf/ u5{ . :6f/ ljho Rofgndf k|;f/Lt x'g nfu]sf] klg o:t} dfgL;x?sf] ;d:ofx?dfyL cfwf/Lt 5 . Rofgnsf] :6]zg k|d'v k|lbk ldn/fo kL6/sf] cg';f/ of] zf]df x/]s ljjfxLt d'�fdfyL s'/fsfgL u/LG5 . of] ;f]df ;dln+uL dfgL;x?sf] xs ,lxt / clwsf/sf] af/]df v'n]/ s'/fsfgL ug{ ;lsG5 . of] zf]sL ;+rfnLsf /f]h klxn] /d]z gfdsf] k'?ifaf6 lrgLGYOf] , /f]h ef/tsL klxnf 6�f+;h]8/ xf] h;n] s'g} ;f]sf] ;+rfnLsf ag]sL l5g\ . /f]hn] cd]/Lsfdf jfof] d]8Lsn O+lhgLo/L�df Pd=P;=;L u/]sL l5g\ / cd]/Lsfdf g} j}e 8lhfOg/sf] ?kdf sfo{/t lyOg\ . /f]hsL k/Ljf/sf] ;b:ox?n] clxn] klg pgLsf] 6�f+;h]8/ 5ljsf] dfGb}gg\ . /f]hsf] cg';f/ plg @) ;fnsf] pd]/ ;Dd s]6Lx? n'uf nufpFb}g lyP . clg clxn] @* ;fnsf] od].df ;+w} x/]s lbg s]l6x?sf] n'uf nufpFl5g\ / pgsf] skfn klg 7"nf] 5 . /]fhn] eG5 M d cfkm\gf] leqsf] cfOdfO kfFr jif{sf] pd]/df g} dxz'z u/]sf] lyPF . To; kl5 Pp6f s]6fsf] ?kdf cfkm"nfO cK7\of]/f] nfUYof] . of] s'/f cfkm\gf] kl/jf/nfO eGg w]/} jif{ nfUof] . hj pgn] eg] To;j]nf ;a} k/Ljf/ / cfdf d]/f] lrRofP/ ?g yfnLg . j'jfsf] cg'xf/df b'v} b'Mv b]lvGYof] hj /f]h cd]/Lsfaf6 ef/t kmsL{of] pgsf k/Ljf/nfO cfzf lyof] /f]h plgx?;Fu k'?ifJofjxf/ u/L a:5 . /f]hsf] k/Ljf/n] /f]hnfO ljjfx u/L lbg] k|of; klg u/] ,x'g ;S5 ljafx kl5 s'g} ls;Ldsf] ;dfwfg lgl:sG5 . o:sf nfuL /f]hnfO z'? z'?df lk6fO klg vfg' k/]sf] lyof] . t/ /f]hnfO lj:jf; 5ls of] zf]nf] ;dfhdf 6�f+;h]8/ dflg;x?sf] k|lt dflg;x?sf] ;f]rfO ljrf/ /x]/fOdf k/Ljt{g cfpg ;S5 .

rfp/L/lxt Tjrf

j}1flgsx�n] pFm6sf] b"waf6 agfOPsf] lqmddfkm{t ;'s'df/ / rfp/L/lxt Tjrf sfod /fVg] cfw'lgs o'jfju{sf] ;kgf lgs6 eljiod} ;fsf/ ug]{ ePsf 5g\ . p6sf] b"waf6 agfPsf] lqmdn] bL3{sfn;Dd TjrfnfO{ o'jf / ;'Gb/ agfpg] bfaL cg';Gwfgstf{x�sf] 5 . ef/tsf] aLsfg]/l:yt pFm6;DaGwL /fli6�o cg';Gwfg s]Gb| -Pgcf/;L;L_ df pQm lqmdsf] k|of]ufTds k/LIf0f e}/x]sf] / To;af6 ;sf/fTds kl/0ffd cfPsf] j}1flgsx�n] atfPsf 5g\ . ljZjel/sf ;f}Gbo{;fdu|L pTkfbs sDkgL Pj+ j}1flgsx�n] o;k|lt ljz]if sf}t"xntf b]vfPsf 5g\ . pF6sf] b"wdf SoflN;od, le6fldg ;L tyf PG6L�clS;8]G6h:tf kbfy{ kfOG5 . o;df cGo 5 k|sf/sf km\of�L Pl;8 klg kfOG5 . oL ;a} tTjn] 9Nsbf] pd]/;u} cg'xf/df b]vf kg]{ rfp/Llj?4 n8\5 .

;f}o{ pmhf{o'Qm ljdfgsf] sLlt{dfg

;f}o{ pmhf{af6 ;~rflnt Pp6f xn'sf dfgj/lxt ljdfgn] nfdf] ;do;Dd p8fg e/]/ ljZj /]s8{ sfod u/]sf] 5 . a]nfotL sDkgL So'g]l6s� �f/f lgld{t h]kmfO/� gfds Pl/on ljdfgn] k/LIf0fs} qmddf %$ 3G6fsf] p8fg e/]/ /]s8{ sfod u/]sf] xf] . h]kmfO/sf] kl/sNkgf tLg jif{cl3 p8fg e/]/ /]s8{ agfO;s]sf] dfgj;lxtsf ljzfn x]lnod a]n'gs} cfwf/df ul/Psf] lyof] . kl5Nnf] k/LIf0f Go" d]lS;sf]l:yt cd]l/sL ;]gfsf] �x\jfO6 :ofG8 ld;fOn /]Gh� af6 ul/Psf] xf] . �;f}o{ ljB'tLo pmhf{ k|0ffnLsf] k|of]u u/]/ agfOPsf] ofgn] ljZj sLlt{dfg sfod u�of]� h]kmfO/sf] Jofkf/ ljsf; lgb]{zs kpn 8fe]n] eg]� lbp;f] cfkm\gf] Aof6�L rfh{ u/]/ /fte/ p8\g ofg ;kmn eof] .p8fgsf qmddf h]kmfO/ %* xhf/ lkm6 -!* xhf/ ld6/_ eGbf dfly lyof] . ljdfgsf] t}fn #! lsnf]u|fd / nDafO sl/a !* ld6/ lyof] . ljdfgdf l/rfh]{an �lnlyod ;Nkm/ Aof6�L� k|of]u ul/Psf] lyof] .

ue{jtL / sf]n]:6]/f]n

ue{jtL cj:yfdf dlxnfx�sf nflu sf]n]:6]/f]n :t/ tndfly h] eP klg hf]lvdk"0f{ x'g] / ckl/kSj lzz' hGdg ;Sg]cd]l/sL j}1flgsx�n] atfPsf 5g\ . Go'of]s{l:yt g];gn xo'dg h]gf]d l/;r{ OlG:6Ro'6sf cg';Gwfstf{x�n] blIf0fL Sof/f]lngfsf ! xhf/eGbf a9L dlxnf / ltgsf gjhft lzz'dfly cWoog u/L pQm lgisif{ lgsfn]sf x'g\ . pgLx�sf cg';f/ sf]n]:6]/f]nsf] dfqf cTolws ePsf sl/a !@ k|ltzt dlxnfn] cf};t ;docufj} ;Gtfg hGdfPsf lyP . o;}u/L sfn]:6]/f]nsf] dfqf Go"g kfOPsf @! k|ltzt ue{jtL dlxnfaf6 To:t} k|sf/sf ckl/kSj lzz' hlGdPsf lyP . ;docufj} hlGdPsf ckl/kSj lzz'n] kmf]S;f] / d'6'sf] /f]u, cGwf]kg, alx/f]kg / l;sfO k|lqmofdf ;d:ofnufot ljljw emGem6\sf] ;fdgf ug'{kg]{ hf]lvd a9\g] j}1flgsx�sf] 7x/ 5 . cWoogsf] k|f/lDes k|ltj]bgn] w]/} jf yf]/} h] eP klg sf]n]:6f]/]n ue{jtL dlxnfsf nflu xflgsf/s x'g] b]vfPsf] 5 . sf]n]:6]/f]n b'O{ k|sf/sf x'G5g\ . klxnf] xfO�8]lG;6L lnkf]k|f]l6g -Pr8LPn_ / bf];|f] nf]� 8]lG;6L lnkf]k|f]l6s -Pn8LPn_ . Pn8LPnn] Xbof3ftlj?4 n8\g ;3fpg] x'gfn] o;nfO{ /fd|f] sf]n]:6]/f]n elgG5 .

P8\;sf] d'Vo sf/0f

blIf0f Pl;ofnL If]qdf dlxnf a]rlavgsf sf/0f PrcfO{eL�P8\; km}lnPsf] cdl/sL cg';Gwfstf{x�n] atfPsf5g\ . xfj{8{ ljZjljBfnocGtu{t :s'n ckm klAns x]Nysf tL cg';Gwfgstf{x�n] blIf0f Pl;ofnL /fi6�x�n] ;fdgf ug'{k/]sf] P8\;sf] r'gf}tL;u dlxnf a]rlavg ufl;Psf] s'/f atfPsf 5g\ . blIf0f Pl;ofnfO{ ljZjd} ;a}eGbf a9L P8\;/f]uL ePsf] If]q dflgG5 . ef/tdf dfq @% nfv dflg;df pQm /f]usf] ;+qmd0f /x]sf] cg'dfg 5 . g]kfndf P8\;/f]uLsf] ;+Vof Tolt w]/} geP klg k|ltjif{ xhf/f}+ dlxnf tyf aflnsf ef/tLo pkdxf�Lkdf ;~rflnt of}g pBf]udf a]lrG5g\ . cwa}+;] dlxnfsf] t'ngfdf aflnsfdf P8\;sf hLjf0f' ;g]{ ;Defjgf rf/ u'0ff a9L x'g] u/]sf] kfOG5 .

yk b'O{ g]kfnL r/f nf]kf]Gd'v

ljZjaf6 nf]kf]Gd'v r/fsf] ;"rLdf g]kfndf kfOg] b'O{ k|hfltsf r/f ylkPsf 5g\ . oL b'O{ k|hfltsf r/fdf ;]tf] lu4 / ;'g lu4 x'g\ . o;cl3 g]kfndf kfOg] #@ k|hfltsf r/f nf]kf]Gd'vsf] ;"rLdf lyP . a8{ nfOkmsf] cWoogsf qmddf ;]tf] lu4 -OlhlK;og eNr/_ / ;'g lu4 -/]8x]8]8 eNr/_ sf] ;+Vof g]kfndf 36]sf] kfOPsf] xf] . g]kfndf ;]tf] lu4sf] ;+Vof sl/a ! xhf/ / ;'g lu4sf] ;+Vof %) j6f 5 . ljZjdf ;]tf] lu4sf] ;+Vof * xhf/b]lv !@ xhf/ tyf ;'g lu4sf] ;+Vof #% xhf/b]lv $@ xhf/ 5 . kG5L ;+/If0f ;+3sf cg';f/ ;]tf] lu4 hf8f] df};ddf b]vf k5{ . ;'g lu4 eg] dWokxf8lt/ kfOG5 . oL lu4 @ xhf/b]lv # xhf/ ld6/sf] prfOdf a:5g\ . ;]tf] lu4 klZrd clk|msf gflDaof, pQ/ ef/t, Olyof]lkof, cf]dg, df]/Ssf] cflb b]zdf kfOG5 . ;'g lu4 eg] g]kfn;lxt a+unfb]z, e'6fg, ef/t, Dofgdf/, yfONofG8, rLg cflb b]zdf kfOG5 . g]kfndf hDdf * ;o ^@ k|hfltsf r/f kfOG5g\, tLdWo] ^ ;o %) r/f g]kfndf /}yfg] x'g\ . /fli6�o �kdf ! ;o # k|hfltsf r/f ;+s6df k/]sf 5g\ .

cgf}7f] hLj Kn]l6k;

Kn]l6k; clk|msL dxfb]zdf dfq kfOg] cG8f kfg]{ :tgwf/L hLj xf] . Kn]l6k;sf] j}1flgs gfd Ornithorlynchus anaticus xf] . Kn]l6k;sf] y't'gf] xf+;sf] h:tf] x'G5, o;sf] xft / v'6\6fsf] kGhfdf xf�;sf] v'6\6fdf ePsf] h:t} hfnf] x'G5 . sl/a @) ;]lG6ld6/ hlt nfdf] Kn]l6k;sf] k'R5/ 8'�f lvofpg] rKk'h:t} x'G5 . of] hLj kfgLdf klg t}l/g ;S5 . Pp6f jo:s Kn]l6k;sf] nDafO sl/a ^) ;]lG6ld6/hlt

tyf tf}n sl/a # lsnf]u|fd hlt x'G5 . Kn]l6k; cToGt nhfn' hLj xf] . k|hggsf] ;dodf dfq ;d"xdf a:g] of] hLj b}lgs sl/a !#�!$ 306f;Dd vfgfsf] vf]hLdf otfptf rxf5{ . Kn]l6k;sf] lk|o ef]hgdf u8\of}nf, sL/fkm6\of+u|f, z+v]sL/f, r]kfuf 8fnufot ljleGg sL/fsf nfef{x� x'g\ . k|hggsf] ;dodf kf]yL Kn]l6k;n] hldgdf vfN6f] vg]/ cG8f kf5]{ . kf]yL Kn]l6k;n] Psk6sdf tLgj6f;Dd cG8f kf5]{ / cG8fnfO{ s'v'/fn] cf]yf/f] a;]h:t} u/L 5f]k]/ /fV5] . cG8faf6 !)� !@ lbgleq} aRrfx� lg:sG5g\ . sf]/lnbf aRrfx�sf] 5fnfdf /f}+ x'b}g . pgLx� b]Vg / ;'Gg klg ;Sb}gg\ . hlGdPsf] ^ xKtfleq} logLx�sf] 5fnfdf /f}+ pd|g yfN5 / cfFvf klg p3|G5g\ . Kn]l6k;sf aRrfx� cfdfsf] b"w vfP/} x's{G5g\ . Pp6f :j:y Kn]l6k; sl/a !% jif{;Dd afRg ;S5 . cgf}7f] / b'n{e hLj Kn]l6k;nfO{ clk|msfdf ;+/lIft hLjsf] ;"rLdf /flvPsf] 5 .

of}g ljifos rnlrqsf] !$ s/f]8 8n/ cfDbfgL

of}ghGo lqmofsnfknfO{ dflg;n] hlt ;+s'lrt b[li6n] x]/] klg o;sf] Jofkf/ eg] tLj| ultdf km:6fpFbf] 5 . cem cgnfOgsf] ljsf;n] o;sf] Jofkf/ bf]Aa/ kfl//x]sf] cg'dfg of] If]qsf cy{ljbx�n] u/]sf 5g\ . pgLx�sf cg';f/ clxn] cgnfOgaf6 dfq of}g ljifos rnlrqsf] !$ s/f]8 8n/ cyf{t\ ( ca{ !) s/f]8 ?k}ofF a/fa/ sf/f]af/ x'G5 . cgnfOg kf]gf]{u|fkmLsf] Jofkf/ qm]l86 sf8{sf] gDa/ cgnfOgdfkm{t\ lbP/ rnlrq x]g{ jf 8fpgnf]8 ug{ ;lsg] Jofkf/ xf] . cgnfOgdf of}g ljifos rnlrqsf sf/f]af/ ug]{x�n] u'0f:t/df ljz]if �kdf Wofg lbOg] xF'bf l;sf? lgdf{tfx�n] o:tf rnlrq lgdf{0f u/]/ Jofkf/ ug{ cj;/ kfPsf lyPgg\ t/ o:tf lgb]{zs jf lgdf{tfx�nfO{ cfslif{t ug{ www .xtube.com j]a;fO6 klxnf] ljZj ;~rfngdf cfPsf] 5 . of] ;fO6df s'g} klg l;sf� jf ;f}lvg lgdf{tfn] cfkm"n] agfPsf] of}g ljifos rnlrq cknf]8 ug{ kfp5 . o:tf rnlrqnfO{ z'Ns lnP/ jf lgMz'Ns b]vfpg ;lsG5 . Go"gtd ;f9] @ 8n/ ltbf{ o;sf lgdf{tfn] %) k|ltzt efu kfpF5g\ eg] j]a;fO6 ;~rfnsx�n] %) k|ltzt kfp5g\ . rnlrq x]g]{ bz{ssf] ;+Vof a9\b} uof] eg] lgdf{tfn] cem a9L sld;g kfp5 . xfn of] j]a;fO6n] dfl;s (! nfvb]lv ! s/f]8 $ nfv ?k}of ;Dd cfDbfgL ul//x]sf] 5, h;df $) k|ltzt cfDbfgL l;sf? lgb]{zsn] agfPsf] of}g ljifos rnlrqaf6 x'g] u/]sf] 5 . of] j]a;fO6df xfn clwsf+z JolQmn] cfkm}+n] lvr]sf] of}g ljifos rnlrq /fv]sf 5g\ . of] j]a;fO6df @) ldg]6sf] of}g ljifos rnlrq cknf]8 u/]/ dfl;s % b]lv ^ ;o 8n/ -#@ b]lv #( xhf/ ?k}of_ cfDbfgL ub}{ cfPsL OG6]l/o/ 8]sf]/]6/ PG6f]lg6L elG5g\� d k|f]km];gn of}g snfsf/ xf]Og / d Tof] aGg klg rfxGg ,d}n] cfkm\gf] AjfOk|m]G8;u ePsf] of}gsfo{ c�n] klg x]�g\ eg]/ cknf]8 u/]sL x' t/ clxn] k};f cfO/x]sf] 5 .

lgj{:q xjfO{ ofqfsf] tof/L

klZrdL d'n'sdf gf+uf] x'g]nx/ a9\b} uPsf] 5 . pgLx� ul/a ePsf sf/0f gf+uf] ePsf xf]Ogg\ < pgLx� gf+uf] x'g' eg]sf] g]r/ k|m]G8\nL x'g' xf] . clxn] o'/f]k / cd]l/sfdf lgj{:q eP/ ljr/0f ug{ rfxg]x�sf nflu g]r/ Snab]lv g]r/aLr;Dd :yfkgf e};s]sf] 5 . gf+uf] ljr/0fsf nflu h]�h:tf] vr{ ug{ klg tof/ /xg] of] hdftnfO{ nlIft u/]/ hd{gLsf] Ps 6�fen Ph]G;Ln] lgj{:q xjfO{ ofqfsf] of]hgf cl3 ;f/]sf] 5 . cf];L pnf{j Ph]G;Ln] hd{gLsf g]r/ k|m]G8\nLnfO{ nlIft u/]/ j]a;fO6dfkm{t\ l6s6 laqmL k|f/De u/] klg To;sf] dfu hfkfg, k|mfG; / Go'lhNofG8df tLg u'0ff a9L ePsf] 5 . hd{gLdf lgj{:q eP/ 5'6\6L dgfpg] rng a9\b} uPkl5 o:tf] lsl;dsf] xjfO{ ofqf k|f/De ug]{ ;f]r pQm Ph]G;Ln] /fv]sf] lyof] . ca lgj{:q xjfO{ofqf cleofgdf & ;o #% 8n/ lt/]/ %) hgfn] ofqf ug]{5g\ . dfu a9\b} uP 7"nf ljdfgdf klg o:tf] lsl;dsf] ofqf u/fpg] ;f]r /x]sf] pQm Ph]G;Lsf lgb]{zsn] atfPsf 5g\ . xfn hd{gLsf] aflN6s ;d'b| If]qsf s]xL efudf g]r/ k|m]G8\nLx�nfO{ lgj{:q eP/ 3'dlkm/sf] cj;/ lbPkl5 pQm If]qsf ko{6sx�sf nflu o:tf] lsl;dsf] ljdfg ;]jf ;~rfngdf cfpg nfu]sf] xf] . dfln{g xf]Og lnG;]

dfln{g d'g/f]n] ;g\ ^) sf] bzsdf agfPsf] UNofd/; 5ljnfO{ sd}n] lal;{Psf xf]nfg\. ltg} dln{g d'g/f]sf] UNofd/; 5ljnfO{ xlnp8sL @! jifL{of gflosf lnG;] nf]xfgn] l/ldS; ug]{ k|of; u/]sL l5g\. dln{gn] ;g\ !(^@ df lvr]s} z}nLdf gofF kmf]6f];];g ul/Psf] tl:a/ Go'of]s{ Dofulhgn] cfkm\gf] cfj/0fdf k|:t't u/]sf] 5.

hdfgf cfO6d 8fG;sf]

cleif]s aRrg / /fgL d'vhL{ clegLt rnlrq �aG6L cf}/ aAnL� df P]Zjof{ /fo dfq Pp6f uLtdf b]vf kl5{g\ . sh/f/]�sh/f/]=== uLtdf pgL 7'dsf nufpl5g\ / pgsf cfvfsf] O;f/fdf ;a} bz{s gfRg yfN5g\ . pQm uLtn] P]Zjof{ /fonfO{ t rrf{ lbnfof] g}, ;fy} rnlrq aG6L cf}/ aAnLsf] Joj;fodf ;d]t o;n] pNn]vgLo ;xof]u k'�ofof] . rnlrqsf] efiffdf o:tf] uLtnfO{ cfO6d gDa/ elgG5 h'g lx+hf]cfh rnlrqsf] dxOEjk"0f{ lx:;f aGg yfn]sf] 5 . rnlrqsf] syf s:tf] x'G5 eGg] eGbf klg s'g cleg]qLdfly cfO6d uLt /fVg] / To;nfO{ s;/L k|:t't ug]{ eGg] ljifodf a9L d]xgt u/]sf] kfOG5 . o;sf nflu cfO6d 8fG; un{, rlr{t cleg]qL, cfO6d uLt ufpg] kfZj{ uflosf Pj+ uLt 5fof+sg ug]{ ;]6df kof{Kt Wofg k'�ofOG5 . UNofd/; Pj+ ;]S;L cfO6d 8fG; gDa/n] rnlrqsf] Joj;fodf ;d]t k|efj kfg]{ u/]sfn] o;sf] ckl/xfo{tf a9\b} uPsf] cg'ej x'G5 . ;'?�;'?df o;sf nflu cfO6d 8fG; un{s} vf]hL ul/P klg kl5Nnf] ;dodf rlr{t cleg]qLsf] pkl:yltnfO{ a9L k|fyldstf lbg yflnPsf] 5 . P]Zjof{ /fosf] sh/f/] xf];\ jf Ois sldgf===, ;'l:dtf ;]gsf] lbnj/===, pld{nf dftf]8s/sf] 5Ddf 5Ddf, ddtf s'ns0fL{sf] df/f /] t]/L cf�vf] g]===, nf/f bQfsf] P];f hfb" 8fnf /], /fgL dv'hL{sf] sfnL gflugsL h};L, sl/gf sk'/sf] o] d]/f lbn=== cflb, rlr{t cfO6d 8fG; xg\ . o;n] cfO6d uLtsf] nf]slk|otf / dxOEjnfO{ k|i6 kf5{ . x] a]aL, / cf]d zflGt cf]ddf bh{gf}+ snfsf/sf] pkl:yltdf cfO6d gDa/ k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 . tL uLt rnlrqsf] klAnl;6Lsf �kdf /flvP klg cfO6d uLtd} gof� k|of]usf �kdf cl3 a9fOPsf] eGg ;lsG5 . e8\lsnf] d]sck, pQ]hs g[To, UNofd/; klx/g tyf eJo ;]6 g} cfO6d gDa/sf] ljz]iftf xf] . h;n] bz{sx�nfO{ xnsf] l6s6 sfpG6/;Dd tfGg dxOEjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]n]sf] kfOG5 . oxL kmd'{nfsf] k|of]usf qmddf alnp8 rnlrqdf cfO6d g[Tosf] ckl/xfo{tf a9]sf] b]lvG5 . s'g} a]nf x]ng�f/f ul/Psf] cfsif{s Pj+ pQ]hs Sofa|]sf] csf]{ :j�kdf cfO6d g[Tosf] kl/ro cl3 a9]sf] b]lvG5 . cfO6d uLtn] rnlrqnfO{ t kmfObf k'�ofPs} x'G5 ;fy} cfO6d g[To ug]{ snfsf/sf] nf]slk|otfdf klg ;3fp k'�ofPsf] kfOG5 . o;n] snfsf/x�sf] Sofl/o/nfO{ cl3 a9fpgdf cxd e"ldsf lgjf{x u/]sf] b]lvG5 . /fduf]kfn jdf{sf] �sDkgL� df �vNnf;=== uLtdf cfO6d 8fG; u/]kl5 �vNnf; un{� sf] kl/ro agfPsL Ozf sf]lKks/ To;kl5 alnp8 gu/Ldf /fd|f] :yfg agfpg ;kmn eOg\ . �/f]8� / d';flkm/� df cfO6d g[To u/]/ cl3 a9]sL sf]ogf ldqfsf] Sofl/o/ klg To;kl5 g} r'lnPsf] xf] . cfO6d un{s} �kdf kl/ro agfPsf ofgf u'Ktf, /fvL ;fjGt, ;]kmfnL hl/jfnf, d]d't vfg, lbkn ;f, d]3gf gfo8', ;gf]j/ slj/ cflb gfdn] alnp8df cfk\mgf] 5'�} klxrfg agfPsf 5g\ . rnlrqsf cltl/Qm b]z�ljb]zdf x'g] 7"N7"nf :6]h ;f]x� dfkm{t\ pgLx�n] nf]slk|otf cfocfh{g ul//x]sf] kfOG5 . hxf� rnlrqsf] klAnl;6Lsf nflu lgdf{tfx� cfO6d 8fG; /fVg cft'/ x'G5g\ ToxL+ nf]slk|otf / /fd|f] cfocfh{gsf sf/0f :yflkt cleg]qLx� cfO6d g[Todf k|:t't x'g lxrlsrfpb}g . o; ljifodf kl5Nnf] pbfx/0fsf �kdf cleg]qL pld{nf dftf]+8s/sf] pkl:yltnfO{ lng ;lsG5 . lxGbL rnlrqdf 8fG;sf] pkl:ylt ckl/xfo{ /lxcfPsf] 5 . dfq g[Tosf] gfddf kl/jt{g Pj+ kl/dfh{g ePsf] b]lvG5 . h:t}� klxn] d'h/fsf] rng rNof] h;df cleg]qLn] cfkm\gf] cfsif{s g[To z}nLn] ;a}df hfb' 5y{] . d'h/fsf] nf]slk|otf klg p:t} lyof] . plta]nf d'dtfh, /]vf, dw'jfnf, dLgfs'df/L cflb ;a} cleg]qLdfly 5fof+sg ul/Psf k|foM ;a}h;f] d'h/f lx6 lyP . d'h/fkl5 kfnf] cfof] Sofa|]sf] . h;df ljGb', x]ng, nIdL 5fof�, ho>L 6L, c?0ff O/fgL, kb\df vGgf cflbn] Ps;] Ps Sofa|] 8fG; k|:t't u/], h'g cfh klg plQs} nf]slk|o dflgG5g\ . lgisif{df eGg'kbf{ rnlrqdf syfsf] k|:t'tLs/0fdf k[ystf cfP klg /f]df~rs uLtx�sf] qm]h eg] p:t} 5 . rfx] Tof] d'h/f xf];\ jf Sofa|] /f]df~rs g[Tosf] �kdf lxGbL rnlrqnfO{ ;b}j cfslif{t u/]sf] b]lvG5. clxn]sf] kl/k|]Iodf /f]df~rs g[Tox�n] d:tL, pQ]hgf, UNofd/, cfsif{0f Pj+ nf]slk|otf cFufn]sf] kfOG5 .

ldgL dfOqmf]j]e

dflg;sf] b}lgsL ljleGg sf/0fn] Jo:t x'g yfn]kl5 sltkon] rfx]sf] ;dodf vfg;d]t vfg gkfpg] ePsf 5g\ . ljleGg sDkgLn] To:tf JolQmx�nfO{ nlIft u/]/ ljleGg lsl;dsf k|ljlw lgdf{0f ul//x]sf 5g\ . clxn] cGt/f{li6�o ahf/df ldlg dfOqmf]j]e cfPsf] 5 . !) OGr rf}8fO, ;f9] !) OGr nDafO tyf !@ OGr ulx/fO ePsf] of] Ojfe]s' dfOqmf]j]en] ;a} lsl;dsf] vfg]s'/fnfO{ ;lhn} ttfpg ;S5 . ljz]if ;'/Iff pks/0f /fv]/ lgdf{0f ul/Psf] of] dfOqmf]j]edf km';{bsf] ;dodf cGo vfg]s'/fx� klg tof/ ug{ ;lsG5 . o;sf] lgdf{0f Ps sk slkm lkpg] ;do klg gkfpg]x�nfO{ nlIft u/]/ ePsf] xf] / sl/a !@ kfp08 tf}nsf] of] ldgL dfOqmf]j]enfO{ ;lhn} ;fg{ ;lsG5 . cGt/f{li6�o ahf/df o;sf] d"No ! ;o #) cd]l/sL 8n/ 5 .

Wjlg k|b"if0f lgoGqs Oo/kmf]g

Wjlg k|b"if0fsf] dfqf lbg � k|ltlbg a9\b}5 . a9\bf] Wjlg k|b"if0fsf sf/0f glhsaf6 cfPsf] cfjfh klg ;'Gg g;lsg] ePsf] 5 . cem Do'lhs ne/x�nfO{ t Oo/ kmf]g nufpbf klg Wjlg k|b"if0fsf sf/0f cfkm"n] rfx]sf] ;fpG8;d]t ;'Gg g;Sg] cj:yf 5 . ljZjdf Do'lhs ne/x�sf] ;+Vof al9/x]sf] kl/k|]Iodf l;g x];/ sDkgLn] aflx/L cfjfhnfO{ /f]s]/ Oo/ kmf]gaf6 cfPsf] cfjfh dfq ;'gfpg] Oo/ kmf]gsf] ljsf; u/]sf] 5 . xfn} cGt/f{li6�o ahf/df cfPsf] kLPS;;L @%) Oo/ kmf]gn PkmPd /]l8of]sf t/�\ux� /fd|f];Fu ;dfpg ;S5 eg] aflx/L cfjfhnfO{ sfgdf cfpg lbb}g . cfkm"n] rfx]sf] cfsf/df kmf]N8 ug{ ;lsg] of] Oo/ kmf]gdf ^ lkm6 nfdf] tf/ 5, h;sf sf/0f 6f9faf6 klg Wjlg t/�\unfO{ Nofpg ;lsG5 . xfn cGt/f{li6�o ahf/df o;sf] d"No % xhf/ ?k}of 5 .

^@ ca{;lxt ljZjs} wgL JolQm akm]6

sf7df8f}+ . !% jif{;Dd nuftf/ ljZjsf ;a}eGbf wgL JolQmsf �kdf /x]sf ;km\6j]o/ ;d|f6 ljn u]6\;nfO{ k5fb}{ cd]l/sfs} jf/]g akm]6 ljZjsf ;a}eGbf wgL JolQm ag]sf 5g\ . Ph]G;Lsf cg';f/ lxhf] ljZjk|l;4 cfly{s klqsf kmf]A;{n] ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] ljZjsf rf/ ;o wgf9\ox�sf] ;"rLdf cd]l/sfsf nufgLstf{ akm]6 klxnf] gDa/df k/]sf x'g\ . pgsf] ;DklQ ^@ ca{ 8n/ k'u]sf] 5 . ut jif{ pgsf] ;DklQ %@ ca{ 8n/ lyof] . akm]6kl5 d]lS;sf]sf 6]lnsd ;d|f6 sf/nf]; l;d x]n' bf];|f] gDa/df k/]sf 5g\ . pgsf] ;DklQ ^) ca{ 8n/ k'u]sf] 5 . o;}u/L t];|f] gDa/df ut !# jif{;Dd ! gDa/df /x]/ Psn /fh u/]sf ljn u]6\; /x]sf 5g\ . pgsf] ;DklQ %* ca{ 8n/ /x]sf] 5 . ptf, $% ca{ 8n/sf ;fy ef/tsf nIdL ldQn rf}yf] gDa/df, cDjfgL bfh'efO d's]z / clgn kfFrf}+ / 5}6f}+ gDa/df To;}u/L ;ftf}+ gDa/df l:j8]gsf OUjf/ SofDk8, cf7f}+ gDa/sf ef/tsf skL l;+x, gjf}+ gDa/df ?;sf cf]n]u 8]l/;fIff, b;f}+ gDa/df hd{gLsf sfn{ cNj}r /x]sf 5g\ . ut jif{ ljZje/sf ca{kltx�sf] ;DklQ #% va{ cd]l/sL 8n/ lyof] eg] of] jif{ $$ va{ cd]l/sL 8n/ k'u]sf] 5 . b]zsf cfwf/df cd]l/sf ;a}eGbf cufl8 5 eg] bf];|f] :yfgdf ?; k/]sf] ^ eg] l5d]sL d'n's ef/t t];|f] gDa/df cfPsf] 5 . ef/tsf %# hgf wgf9\ox� ;"rLdf k/]sf 5g\ .

vf8L d'n's ;fpbLdf g]kfnL sfdbf/x�

xfdL g]kfneGbf lgs} 6f9f 5f}+ clg xfd|f] ;dfh, cfkmGt / kl/jf/nfO{ r6Ss 5f8]/ of] la/fgf] d'n'sdf /f]hL/f]6Lsf] nflu ef}+tfl//x]sf 5f}+ . xfdLn] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ of] hdft g t tkfO{{ / d df dfq ;Lldt 5, of] t pn]{sf] e]nh:tf] u8\u8fP/ lab]lzg] qmd cgj/t qmddf ylkFb} uPsf] 5 . To;dfly klg ul/aLn] Rofk]/ xf]nf a]/f]huf/Ln] ljjz t'NofP/ xf]nf, 7"nf /fi6�eGbf klg hfg ;lhnf] / cGo b]zx�sf] t'ngfdf ;:tf] cfly{s hf]x h'6fP/ /f]huf/Lsf] nflu ;xh} k'Ug ;lsg] uGtJo eg] vf8L d'n's ePsf] 5 . hlt ;lhn} oxfF lelqOG5 Tolt g} ufx|f] 5 oxfFsf] jftfj/0fdfcfkm'nfO{ ;dfof]hg ug{ . cfuf]sf] nKsfdf xf]ld/x]sf log} g]kfnLx�sf] lbgrof{, oxfFsf] jftfj/0fnfO{ ;TotYo ;dfrf/, ;'emfj / ;"rgf k|bfg ug]{ d'Vo ;|f]t eg]sf] t oxfFsf g]kfnLx� g} x'g\ hf] g]kfn 5'�Ldf kms]{/ oxfFsf] jftfj/0f cjut u/fpg ;Sb5g\ t/ 5'�L lnP/ g]kfn kms{g] x/sf]xLn] tLg ;fnsf] cjlwdf kfPsf] 5f]6f] lj>fdsf] cj:yfdf b'Mvsf ;fu/x� cfkmGt / kl/jf/nfO{ ;'gfpg dgfl;j g7fGnfg\ . csf]{ Pp6f af6f] eg]sf] oxfFaf6 k|sflzt x'g] kqklqsf tyf j]e ;fO6 xf] . tLg jif{sf] ;'vf hLjg latfP/ g]kfn k'Ubf w]/} kl/jt{gx� cfO;s]sf] x'G5 . ;fgf ;fgf gfgLx� 7"nf eO;Sb5g\ . ufpF3/ / xfjfkfgL g} kl/jt{g eO;s]/ cs}{ d'n'[s l5/] h:tf] klg gnfUg] xf]Og . g]kfn k'Ubf clnslt xfdLdf klg kl/jt{gx� cfpg] ub{5 g} . tLg ;fn vf8L d'n's a:bf xfd|f] zf/Ll/s tyf dfgl;s tj/df kl/jt{gx� x'g' :jfefljs g} xf] / cfly{s cj:yf klg s]xL g s]xL dfqfdf ;'wf/ t x'G5 g} . To;}n] xf]nf Po/kf]6{df cf]n{g] lalQs} 8f]/L nfp/]sf] pkflw klg kfpg] ub{5g\, logLx�n] . ufpF k'u]kl5 ;a}sf] gh/ pg}df x'G5, ljb]zsf] /demdsf s'/f ;'Gg rfxg]x�sf] eL8n] 3/ cfFug bz}+sf] dfxf}n em}++ nfUg] ub{5 cem k/b]zaf6 nu]sf ;:tf g} lsg gx'g To:tf ;fdfgx�n] lgs} 7"nf] dxTj kfpg] ub{5 . log} b]vfl;sLn] ufpF3/df a]/f]huf/ eP/ a;]sf gjo'jfdf hf]z hfFu/ el/P/ d klg ljb]z hfG5' eL;f ldnfO{ b]pm g eGg]x�sf] 7"n} hdft aGg] ub{5 . pd]/ 9NsL ;s]sfx�n] klg gofF hf]zsf ;fy k/b]lzg] sNkgf ug{ yfNb5g\ . sNkgfdf ;fx"sf] C0f lt/]/ u}/L v]t 5'6fPsf] ;kgf b]Vg k'U5, 5f]/fnfO{ /fd|f] af]l8{� :s'ndf k9fpg] ;f]Rg k'U5 . 7"nL ePsL 5f]/Lsf] /fd|f];Fu sGofbfg ug]{ dg;fon] h:tf];'s} sfd eg] klg ug]{ k|lta4tf ub{5 dgdg} / efl;g k'U5 bnbnleq . vf8L d'n's s] xf] < oxfFsf] kl/j]z s:tf] 5 < s] sfd ug'{kg]{ xf] < s:tf] of]Uotfsf] vfFrf] kb{5 < vfg, a:g sDkgL tyf slkn -dflns_ n] lbG5 of lbGg < slt k};f sdfOG5 < slt arfpg ;lsG5 < cflb ljifo / k|Zgx� uf}0f /fv]/ k/b]lzg] ub{5g\ . Dofgkfj/ tyf Ph]G6x�n] klg jf:tljstf s] xf] eg]/ eGg'eGbf klg km'?Ss kf/]/ k};f emfg]{ k|j[lQ b]vfpF5g\ . 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